Students can use the Spectrum Math Grade 8 Answer Key Chapter 5 Pretest as a quick guide to resolve any of their doubts.

Check What You Know

Geometry

Question 1.
What are the coordinates of the preimage?
A(_______), B(_______), C(_______)
Answer: (-4, -1), (-1, -1), (-1, 5)
The coordinates of the preimage are (-4, -1), (-1, -1), (-1, 5)

Question 2.
What are the coordinates of the image?
A’( _____________ ), B’( _____________ ), C’( _____________ )
Answer: (0, 4), (3, 4), (3, 0)
The coordinates of the image are (0, 4), (3, 4), (3, 0)

Question 3.
What transformation was performed on the figure? _______
The transformation of the figure that was performed was translation.

Question 4.
a.

_____________
If there exists a sequence of translations, reflections, rotations, and/or dilations that will transform one figure into the other, the two figures are either similar or congruent. Similar figures are the same shape but not the same size while congruent shapes are both the same shape and the same size.

b.

_____________
If there exists a sequence of translations, reflections, rotations, and/or dilations that will transform one figure into the other, the two figures are either similar or congruent. Similar figures are the same shape but not the same size while congruent shapes are both the same shape and the same size.

c.

_____________
If there exists a sequence of translations, reflections, rotations, and/or dilations that will transform one figure into the other, the two figures are either similar or congruent. Similar figures are the same shape but not the same size while congruent shapes are both the same shape and the same size.

Draw similar right triangles to show that each line has a constant slope.

Question 5.
a.

Triangle 1 Legs: ____ & ______
Triangle 2 Legs: ____ & ______

To test if the slope of the line is constant, draw a set of parallel lines that intersect the line.
Then, draw a line segment from each of the parallel lines to create a set of right triangles.
Find the length of the legs for each set of triangles.
Triangle 1 Legs:
4 & 3
Triangle 2 Legs:
8 & 6
Proportionality Test:
$$\frac{4}{3}$$ = $$\frac{8}{6}$$
4 x 6 = 24 and 8 x  3 = 24
These leg lengths are proportional, so the line has a constant slope.

b.

Triangle 1 Legs: ____ & ______
Triangle 2 Legs: ____ & ______

To test if the slope of the line is constant, draw a set of parallel lines that intersect the line.
Then, draw a line segment from each of the parallel lines to create a set of right triangles.
Find the length of the legs for each set of triangles.
Triangle 1 Legs:
3 & 2
Triangle 2 Legs:
6 & 4
Proportionality Test:
$$\frac{3}{2}$$ = $$\frac{6}{4}$$
3 x 4 = 12 and 6 x  2 = 12
These leg lengths are proportional, so the line has a constant slope.

Answer each question using letters to name each line and numbers to name each angle.

Question 6.
What is the name of the transversal? ______
Answer: $$\overleftrightarrow{EF}$$
The name of the transversal is $$\overleftrightarrow{EF}$$

Question 7.
Which angles are acute? ______
An acute angle measure less than 90 degrees.

Question 8.
Which angles are obtuse? _________________
An acute angle measure greater than 90 degrees.

Question 9.
Which pairs of angles are vertical angles? ______

Question 10.
Which pairs of angles are alternate exterior angles?
_____________
A transversal is a line that intersects two or more lines at different points. The angles that are formed are called alternate interior angles and alternate exterior angles. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, corresponding angles are formed.

Question 11.
Which pairs of angles are alternate interior angles? ______
A transversal is a line that intersects two or more lines at different points. The angles that are formed are called alternate interior angles and alternate exterior angles. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, corresponding angles are formed.

Find the volume of each figure. Use 3.14 for π. Round answers to the nearest hundredth.

Question 12.
a.

V = _____ cm3
Volume is the amount of space a three-dimensional figure occupies. The volume of a cylinder by multiplying the area of the base by the height (Bh). The area of the base is the area of the circle, πr2, so volume can be found using the formula: V = πr2h
The volume is expressed in cubic units, or units3.
The given values are r = 4.5cm  and h = 7 cm.
Use 3.14 for π.
So, V = πr2h V = π(4.52 × 7) V = 445.1 cm3

b.

V = _____ ft3
Volume is the amount of space a three-dimensional figure occupies. The volume of a cone is calculated as $$\frac{1}{3}$$base × height.
This is because a cone occupies $$\frac{1}{3}$$ of the volume of a cylinder of the same height. Base is the area of the circle, πr2.
height = 13 ft
V = $$\frac{1}{3}$$π62 13  = 489.84 ft3

c.

V = _____ m3
Volume is the amount of space a three-dimensional figure occupies. The volume of a sphere is calculated as V = $$\frac{4}{3}$$πr3.
$$\frac{4}{3}$$πr3 Volume is given in cubic units or units3.
r = 3 m
V = $$\frac{4}{3}$$πr(3)3 = 113.04 m3

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the unknown lengths.

Question 13.
If a = 8 and b = 15, c = or _______
Answer:  $$\sqrt{289}$$ or 17
$$\sqrt{149}$$ or 12.2
The Pythagorean Theorem:
If a triangle is a right triangle, then a2 + b2 = c2.
a = 8, b = 15 , c =?
a2 + b2 = c2
a2 + b2 = 82 + 152  = 64 + 225 = 289
c2 = a2 + b2  = 289
$$\sqrt{c}$$ = $$\sqrt{289}$$ = 17

Question 14.
If b = 7 and c = 13, a = or about _____
Answer:  $$\sqrt{120}$$ or 11
The Pythagorean Theorem:
If a triangle is a right triangle, then a2 + b2 = c2.
a = ?, b = 7, c =13
a2 + b2 = c2
c2 –  b2 = 132 – 72  = 120
b2 = c2 – a2 = 120
$$\sqrt{b}$$ = $$\sqrt{120}$$ = 11

Question 15.
if a = 9 and c = 20, b = = =_______ or about _____
Answer: $$\sqrt{319}$$ or 18
The Pythagorean Theorem:
If a triangle is a right triangle, then a2 + b2 = c2.
a = 9, b = ? , c =20
a2 + b2 = c2
c2 –  a2 = 202 – 92  = 319
b2 = c2 – a2 = 319
$$\sqrt{b}$$ = $$\sqrt{319}$$ = 18

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