Similar to Numbers we perform basic Arithmetic operations on Roman Numerals as well. Basic Arithmetic Operations performed on Roman Numerals are Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division. Lets us see how these operations are performed by considering few examples.
Commonly Used Roman Numerals and their Equivalent Numbers
| Symbols | I | V | X | L | C | D | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
Now let’s see how we can write roman numerals from 2-9
II is equivalent to 2
III corresponds to 3
IV is equal to 4
VI represents 6
VII is 7
VIII equals 8
IX is 9
Read More:
- Rules For Formation of Roman Numerals
- Conversion of Numbers to Roman Numerals
- Conversion of Roman Numerals to Numbers
Basic Operations on Roman Numerals
We have explained all the rules, procedures for adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing roman numerals clearly. Refer to the solved examples provided on the same for getting a complete idea on how do you add, subtract, multiply, divide when roman numerals are involved.
How to Add Roman Numerals? | Rules for Adding Roman Numerals
We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform addition using roman numerals
- We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
- Then we have to add Hindu-Arabic numbers
- Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.
Let’s see few examples on how to add roman numerals
Example 1:
Add CLVII and XXIV?
Solution:
CLVII = C + L + V + I + I
= 100 + 50 + 5 + 1 +1
= 157
XXIV = X + X + IV
= 10 + 10 + 4
= 24.
So now CLVII + XXIV will be 157 + 24
= 181
Roman numeral for 181 is CLXXXI
Example 2:
Add XXXVIII and XXV?
Solution:
CLVII = X + X + X + V + I + I + I
= 30 + 5 + 3
= 38
XXV = X + X + V
= 10 + 10 + 5
= 25.
So now XXXVIII + XXV will be 38 + 25
= 63
Roman numeral for 63 is LXIII
How to Subtract Roman Numerals? | Rules for Subtracting Roman Numerals
We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform subtraction using roman numerals
- We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
- Then we have to subtract Hindu-Arabic numbers.
- Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.
Let’s see few examples on how to subtract roman numerals
Example 1:
Subtract CMLVI and DLXXII
Solution:
CMLVI = CM + L + V + I
= 900+ 50 + 5 + 1
= 956
DLXXII = D+ L + X + X + I + I
= 500 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1
= 572
So now CMLVI – DLXXII will be 956 – 572
= 384
Roman numeral for 384 is CCCLXXXIV
Example 2:
Subtract LXXXVI and XI?
Solution:
LXXXVI = L + X + X + X + V + I
= 50 + 30 + 5 + 1
= 86
XI = X + I
= 10 + 1
= 11
So now LXXXVI – XI will be 86 – 11
= 75
Roman numeral for 75 is LXXV
Multiplying Roman Numerals | How to Multiply Roman Numerals?
We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform multiplication using roman numerals
- We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
- Then we have to multiply Hindu-Arabic numbers.
- Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.
Example 1:
Multiply CXXV and XXV?
Solution:
CXXV = C + X + X + V
= 100+ 10 + 10 + 5
= 125
XXV = X + X + V
= 10 + 10 + 5
= 25
So now CXXV * XXV will be 125 * 25
= 3125
Roman numeral for 3125 is MMMCXXV
Example 2:
Multiply CC and VI?
Solution:
CC = C + C
= 100 + 100
= 200
VI = V + I
= 5 + 1
= 6
So now CC * VI will be 200 * 6
= 1200
Roman numeral for 1200 is MCC
Dividing Roman Numerals | How to Divide Roman Numerals?
We have to follow the below mentioned step-by-step procedure to perform division using Roman numerals
- We have to find the Hindu-Arabic numbers for the given roman numerals.
- Then we have to divide Hindu-Arabic numbers.
- Now we have to convert Hindu-Arabic number to roman numerals.
Example 1:
Divide CCL and XXV
Solution:
CCL = C + C + L
= 100 + 100 + 50
= 250
XXV = X + X + V
= 10 + 10 + 5
= 25
So now CCL / XXV will be 125 / 25
= 10
Roman numeral for 10 is X
Example 2:
Divide MMM and L
Solution:
MMM = M + M + M
= 1000 + 1000 + 1000
= 3000
L = 50
So now MMM / L will be 3000 / 50
= 60.
Roman numeral for 60 is LX